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[[File:3llaa8b7olsb1.jpg|thumb|right|Initial QC’d DNA Samples]]
[[File:3llaa8b7olsb1.jpg|thumb|right|Initial QC’d DNA Samples]]


Seven samples were taken from the mummies: three tissue samples and four DNA samples. Only three samples were viable for further analysis: CEN4GEN-Ancient0002, CEN4GEN-Ancient003, and CEN4GEN-Ancient004.
=== Introduction ===
In a recent study, seven samples were extracted from mummified remains for genetic analysis. These included three tissue samples and four DNA samples. Out of these, CEN4GEN-Ancient0002, CEN4GEN-Ancient0003, and CEN4GEN-Ancient0004 were found to be viable for advanced analysis.


Ancient0002 had a fragment size of 398 base pairs, which, although not extensive, was sufficient to identify its species. Ancient0003 had 515 base pairs, and Ancient0004 had 423 base pairs, indicating relatively small DNA fragments.
=== Genetic Composition and DNA Fragment Analysis ===
CEN4GEN-Ancient0002 was notable for its 398 base pair fragment size. While this size is not exceptionally large, it was adequate for species identification purposes. Similarly, Ancient0003 and Ancient0004 contained 515 and 423 base pairs, respectively, indicating the presence of relatively small DNA fragments in these samples.


The research team conducted thorough analyses, comparing the amplified sequenced DNA data against human DNA for quick verification to determine if any of the three viable samples were human. They selected a quarter fragment at random from each sequence and mapped it using the most current version of a human genome reference, specifically GRCH38 release 93.
=== Comparative DNA Analysis ===
The research team embarked on a comprehensive comparison of these DNA samples against the human genome. This involved randomly selecting a quarter fragment from each sequence and mapping it using the latest human genome reference, GRCH38 release 93. The results were intriguing:


The results revealed that Ancient0002 had 14.2924% human DNA content, Ancient0003 had 97.6894%, and Ancient0004 had 15.2589%. This means the percentage of the randomly selected quarter of DNA matched that many sequenced base pairs in the human genome reference used for comparison, suggesting Ancient0003 is likely human.
* Ancient0002 contained 14.2924% human DNA.
* Ancient0003 was predominantly human, with 97.6894% human DNA.
* Ancient0004 had 15.2589% human DNA.


As a control, they applied the same process to DNA known to be 100% human, confirming Ancient003's results and verifying its human origin. Further testing showed Ancient003 matched human DNA with 95.07% accuracy and indicated a male origin due to the presence of X and Y chromosomes.
These percentages represent the proportion of the randomly selected DNA quarter that matched the human genome reference.


Ancient0004 and Ancient0002 underwent additional comparisons against a comprehensive database including various organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and animals. Despite this, 27% of Ancient0002's and 90% of Ancient0004's DNA could not be matched to any DNA in the database.
As part of the control process, similar analysis was conducted on DNA confirmed to be 100% human. This confirmed the findings regarding Ancient0003, which not only matched human DNA with 95.07% accuracy but also was identified as male due to the presence of both X and Y chromosomes.


Further refinement and comparison to a larger, more robust database (the NCBI nt database) yielded fascinating results: 54% of Ancient0002 and 76% of Ancient0004 were unclassified. However, this doesn't imply extraterrestrial origin; the DNA is terrestrial, and unclassified sections likely belong to unidentified microbes. Misinterpretations on platforms like Reddit, suggesting unclassified DNA means alien, are incorrect. The unclassified DNA shares similarities with known terrestrial organisms, indicating a need for more detailed study to fully understand these samples.
=== Further DNA Analysis and Misinterpretations ===
Ancient0002 and Ancient0004 were further compared against a comprehensive database of various organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and animals. Despite this, a significant portion of their DNA (27% of Ancient0002 and 90% of Ancient0004) did not match any known DNA.
 
Further refinement using the NCBI nt database revealed that 54% of Ancient0002's and 76% of Ancient0004's DNA remained unclassified. However, this finding does not support hypotheses of extraterrestrial origins. The DNA is terrestrial in nature, with unclassified segments likely belonging to as-yet unidentified microbes. Misinterpretations circulated on forums like Reddit, suggesting that unclassified DNA implies alien origin, were debunked. These unclassified sequences show similarities to known terrestrial organisms, underscoring the need for more detailed research to fully comprehend these findings.


=== References ===
=== References ===

Revision as of 12:30, 8 March 2024

Initial QC’d DNA Samples

Introduction

In a recent study, seven samples were extracted from mummified remains for genetic analysis. These included three tissue samples and four DNA samples. Out of these, CEN4GEN-Ancient0002, CEN4GEN-Ancient0003, and CEN4GEN-Ancient0004 were found to be viable for advanced analysis.

Genetic Composition and DNA Fragment Analysis

CEN4GEN-Ancient0002 was notable for its 398 base pair fragment size. While this size is not exceptionally large, it was adequate for species identification purposes. Similarly, Ancient0003 and Ancient0004 contained 515 and 423 base pairs, respectively, indicating the presence of relatively small DNA fragments in these samples.

Comparative DNA Analysis

The research team embarked on a comprehensive comparison of these DNA samples against the human genome. This involved randomly selecting a quarter fragment from each sequence and mapping it using the latest human genome reference, GRCH38 release 93. The results were intriguing:

  • Ancient0002 contained 14.2924% human DNA.
  • Ancient0003 was predominantly human, with 97.6894% human DNA.
  • Ancient0004 had 15.2589% human DNA.

These percentages represent the proportion of the randomly selected DNA quarter that matched the human genome reference.

As part of the control process, similar analysis was conducted on DNA confirmed to be 100% human. This confirmed the findings regarding Ancient0003, which not only matched human DNA with 95.07% accuracy but also was identified as male due to the presence of both X and Y chromosomes.

Further DNA Analysis and Misinterpretations

Ancient0002 and Ancient0004 were further compared against a comprehensive database of various organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and animals. Despite this, a significant portion of their DNA (27% of Ancient0002 and 90% of Ancient0004) did not match any known DNA.

Further refinement using the NCBI nt database revealed that 54% of Ancient0002's and 76% of Ancient0004's DNA remained unclassified. However, this finding does not support hypotheses of extraterrestrial origins. The DNA is terrestrial in nature, with unclassified segments likely belonging to as-yet unidentified microbes. Misinterpretations circulated on forums like Reddit, suggesting that unclassified DNA implies alien origin, were debunked. These unclassified sequences show similarities to known terrestrial organisms, underscoring the need for more detailed research to fully comprehend these findings.

References

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