Huaquero

A huaquero is a term used in Peru and other parts of South America to refer to individuals who engage in the illegal excavation, looting, and trade of archaeological artifacts. The word "huaquero" is derived from the Quechua word "huaca," which refers to sacred places or objects associated with ancient Andean cultures, such as the Inca, Moche, and Nazca.

Huaqueros often target pre-Columbian burial sites, temples, and other archaeological sites in search of valuable artifacts, such as ceramics, textiles, gold, and silver objects. These illicit activities are driven by the demand for antiquities on the international art market, where collectors and museums are willing to pay high prices for rare and unique pieces.

The practice of huaquería (grave robbing) has a long history in the region, dating back to the Spanish colonial era. However, the scale of looting has increased significantly in recent decades due to the growing global demand for ancient artifacts and the economic hardships faced by many rural communities in Peru and neighboring countries.

Huaquería has devastating consequences for the archaeological heritage of Peru and other South American nations. The uncontrolled excavation and removal of artifacts from their original context destroys valuable scientific information about ancient cultures and their ways of life. Moreover, the looting of archaeological sites undermines the cultural identity and collective memory of indigenous communities, who often view these sites as sacred and integral to their heritage.

To combat the activities of huaqueros, the Peruvian government has implemented various measures, including stronger laws against the trafficking of cultural property, increased surveillance of archaeological sites, and public awareness campaigns. International organizations, such as UNESCO and INTERPOL, also work to curb the illicit trade in antiquities by promoting cooperation among countries and raising awareness about the importance of protecting cultural heritage.